| 1973-1979 | Research Assistant, Institute for Agricultural Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1978 | Doctorate, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1979-1984 | Executive Assistant, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1985-1989 | Director, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1989-1994 | Austrian Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Vienna |
| 1995-2004 | European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries, Brussels |
| 2005-2011 | Chairman, Ecosocial Forum Europe, Vienna |
| 2005-2015 | Chairman, RISE-Foundation, Brussels |
| 2014-2015 | Chairman of the Steering Committee of the EU scientific programme for Expo Milano 2015 |
| since 2012 | President, European Forum Alpbach, Vienna |
| since 2016 | President, Board of Trustees to the Austrian Institute of Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna |
| 1969-1971 | Tutor and Teaching Fellow, Harvard University, Massachusetts |
| 1971-1975 | Assistant Professor of History, Hamilton College, New York |
| 1975-1978 | Deputy Director, Aspen Institute Berlin |
| 1982-1984 | Vice President for Academic Affairs, Longwood College, Virginia |
| 1984-1985 | Senior Vice President, International Management and Development Institute, Washington, D.C. |
| 1985-1992 | Director, West European Studies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. |
| 1990 | Member of the U.S. delegation to the Copenhagen CSCE Conference |
| 1991 | Guest Professor at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen |
| 1992-1994 | Chief, European Division, Library of Congress |
| 1994-2005 | Democratic Staff Director for European Affairs, U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senior Advisor to U.S. Vice President (then-Senator) Joseph R. Biden, Jr. |
| 1993 | , 2000, 2006 Member of the U.S. delegation to the Wehrkunde Security Conference, Munich |
| 2000 | Speech at Assemblée Nationale, Paris |
| 2004 | Member of the U.S. delegation to the inauguration of Boris Tadic as President of Serbia |
| Speech at Deutscher Bundestag, Berlin |
| 2005 | Speech at NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Copenhagen |
| 2005-2006 | Senior Foreign Policy Advisor and Principal, DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary U.S. LLP |
| since 2006 | Senior Fellow, Center for Transatlantic Relations, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C. |
| since 2007 | Senior Advisor, McLarty Associates (formerly Kissinger McLarty Associates), Washington, D.C. |
| 2009 | Speech at OSCE Permanent Council, Vienna |
| Head of the U.S. Delegation to the 2009 OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting in Warsaw |
| 2010 | Head of the U.S. Delegation to the OSCE 20th Anniversary Conference in Copenhagen |
| 1972-2012 | Research Fellow, Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna |
| 1974-1975 | Post-graduate studies, Bologna Center, Johns Hopkins University, Bologna |
| 1982 | Visiting Scholar, New York University, New York |
| 1986-1987 | Visiting Scholar, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin |
| 1988-2005 | Visiting Scholar, University of New Hampshire |
| since 2006 | Lecturer of Economics, University of Vienna and WU - Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna |
| 2010 | Visiting Scholar, International Monetary Fund, Washington |
| | Studies at Princeton University and the University of Vienna |
| 1968 | Promotion Dr. rer. pol. |
| since 1978 | Full Professor of Economics, University of Vienna; several appointments as Visiting Professor (i.a. Georgetown University, USA) |
| since 1999 | Rector of the University of Vienna (re-elected 2003 and 2007) |
| 2000-2005 | President of the Austrian Rectors' Conference (re-elected 2001 and 2004) |
| 2001-2005 | Vice-President and Member of the Board of the European University Association (EUA), Brussels-Geneva |
| 2005-2009 | President of the European University Association (EUA), Brussels-Geneva |
