16: Mikrobiomdiversität vs. mikrobiologische Kontrolle
Ein Mikrobiom ist die Gesamtheit an Mikroorganismen (wie Bakterien, Pilze und Viren), die einen bestimmten mehrzelligen Organismus besiedeln. Das menschliche Mikrobiom, also die Summe der Mikroorganismen, die überall in und auf dem menschlichen Körper leben, ist von besonderem Interesse. Mikrobiome sind für die Funktionsweise unserer Ökosysteme genauso unverzichtbar wie für den menschlichen Körper, und in beiden Fällen gehen Störungen mit einem Verlust an mikrobieller Diversität einher. Dieses Seminar untersucht, ob der menschliche Körper seine eigene Diversität ‚kontrollieren‘ kann. Wie entsteht die nötige mikrobielle Diversität, und wie bleibt sie aufrecht? Wie wirkt sich ein Spitalsaufenthalt auf sie aus, und wie können wir Mikroorganismen in Krankenhäusern so kontrollieren, dass wir Infektionsrisiken verringern, ohne Resistenzen hervorzurufen?
Nach einer Einführung in das Gebiet der Mikrobiome geht das Seminar der Frage nach, wie wir eine menschliche Weltallmission zum Mars bringen könnten, ohne diesen Planeten zu kontaminieren. Außerdem frägt das Seminar, wie wir unser eigenes Mikrobiom während eines Raumflugs kontrollieren können.
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Mag. Dr. rer.nat Astrid MAYR
Deputy Head, Hospital Hygiene and Technical Hygiene, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck
1992-1999 | Studies of Biology/Microbiology, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck |
1999 | Graduation Master of Science, Biology/Microbiology, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck |
2002 | Graduation Dr.rer.nat, Divison of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck |
since 2000 | Collaborator/Post doc Position, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Hospital Hygiene, Technical and Environmental Hygiene, Medical University Innsbruck |
since 2010 | Deputy Head, Hospital Hygiene, Technical and Environmental Hygiene, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck |
since 2015 | Collaboration in the Christian Doppler Labratory for invasive fungal infections |
Mika SALMINEN
Director, Health Security Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
1984-1991 | M.Sc., General Microbiology, Genetics, Biochemistry, University of Helsinki |
1989-1991 | Ph.D, General Microbiology, Genetics, Biochemistry, University of Helsinki |
since 1998 | Adjunct Professor, Virology, University of Helsinki |
2001-2009 | Head, HIV Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki |
2009-2010 | Head of section for Evidence Base for Prevention and Control, Scientific Advice Unit, ECDC, Stockholm |
2010-2011 | Head, Section for HIV STIs and Hepatitis B and C, Scientific Advice Unit, ECDC, Stockholm |
2011-2012 | Head, Health Impact Section at the Chief Scientists Office, ECDC, Stockholm |
2012-2013 | Head, Virology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki |
2013-2015 | Research Professor and Head of Department, Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki |
since 2013 | Advisory Forum member, ECDC |
2015-2017 | Research Professor; Director, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki |
since 2017 | Professor; Director, Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsink |
Ph.D. Gerhard KMINEK
Planetary Protection Officer, European Space Agency, Noordwijk
Mr. Kminek is Planetary Protection Officer for the European Space Agency since 2004. He served as chair of the COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection, the containment facility and planetary protection team in the frame of the international Mars architecture for sample return working group, co-chaired of the joint ESA-NASA science working group for Mars sample return, chaired several ECSS working groups and task force and organised a number of international workshops and colloquia to review and revise planetary protection policy and requirements. Prior he was Principal Investigator of two microgravity experiments on Space Shuttle flights STS-80 and STS-95 and worked in the ESA Advanced Concepts Team and the Aurora Exploration Program. He has a Master Degree in Science from the University in Vienna and a Doctorate in Earth Science from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California. |
Dr. Christine MOISSL-EICHINGER
Professor for Interactive Microbiome Research, Medical University Graz
since 2014 | Professor for Interactive Microbiome Research, BioTechMed and Medical University Graz |
2007-2014 | Scientist and Project Leader, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg |
2005-2006 | PostDoc, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena |
2000-2004 | PhD, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg |