| 1985-1989 | Master of Political Sciences (Economics and Statistics), Åbo Akademi University, Turku |
| 1988-1990 | Researcher, Assistant Teacher, Research Assistant (Economics and Statistics), Lecturer (Economics), and Research Assistant (Statistics), Åbo Akademi University, Turku |
| 1989-1991 | Licentiate in Political Sciences (Economics and Statistics), Åbo Akademi University, Turku |
| 1990-2000 | Senior Research Fellow and Research Associate, Economics, Academy of Finland, Turku |
| 1991-1992 | Visiting Scholar, Institute of Public Policy Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor |
| 1991-1993 | Doctor of Political Sciences (PhD in Economics), Åbo Akademi University, Turku, and Finnish Doctoral Programme in Economics, Turku |
| 1994-1999 | Research Fellow, Economics, Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki |
| 1996-1997 | Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor |
| 2000-2002 | Professor of Economics, University of Tampere |
| 2001-2003 | Scientific Director, Statistics Finland, Helsinki |
| 2003-2009 | Professor of Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku |
| 2004-2009 | Research Associate, UNU/WIDER - World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki |
| 2005-2014 | Research Director, LIS - Luxembourg Income Study, Luxembourg |
| 2007-2008 | Visiting Scholar, Russell Sage Foundation, New York |
| since 2009 | Professor of Economics, SOFI - Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm |
| 1981-1982 | Project assistant, Vienna Institute for Comparative Economic Research (WIIW) |
| 1982 | Master thesis in Economics, University of Vienna |
| 1983-1995 | Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Karl-Franzens-Universitaet Graz |
| 1988 | Doctoral thesis in Economics, University of Vienna |
| 1995 | Visiting Professor, University of Minnesota in Minneapolis |
| since 1996 | Associate Professor, Institute of Public Economics, Karl-Franzens-Universitaet Graz |
| 2004-2007 | Dean of Research, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz |
