| 1967 | Doctorate in Law, University of Vienna |
| 1968-1973 | Assistant to Kurt W. Rothschild, Institute for General Economics and Public Economics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz |
| 1972-1973 | ACSL Fellow, Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge |
| 1973 | Tenure-track professorship, General Economics and Public Economics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz |
| Call to TH Darmstadt, Chair in Public Economics |
| 1974-1981 | Full Professor and Head, Institute of Finance, Johannes Kepler University, Linz |
| 1981-2008 | Full Professor, Vienna University of Economics and Business (successor to Stephan Koren), partly on leave, Vienna |
| 2003-2005 | Vice Rector, Financial Affairs, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna |
| 2008 | Honorary doctorate in Social and Economic Sciences, Alpen-Adria-University, Klagenfurt |
| | |
| | Business activities |
| 1971-1979 | Member and later President, Governing Board of PSK - Österreichische Postsparkasse, Expert on cartel matters, Cartel Court of the Superior Land Court, Vienna |
| 1999-2003 | Vice-President and Member of the Management Committee, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg |
| 2006-2007 | Chief Executive Officer, BAWAG P.S.K. Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft Österreichische Postsparkasse Aktiengesellschaft |
| since 2008 | Governor, OeNB - Oesterreichische Nationalbank |
| | |
| | Political activities |
| 1978-1999 | Member, Austrian Parliament |
| 1980-1987 | Deputy Chairman, Scientific Committee |
| 1985-1999 | Chairman, Finance Committee |
