| 1973-1979 | Research Assistant, Institute for Agricultural Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1978 | Doctorate, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1979-1984 | Executive Assistant, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1985-1989 | Director, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1989-1994 | Austrian Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Vienna |
| 1995-2004 | European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries, Brussels |
| 2005-2011 | Chairman, Ecosocial Forum Europe, Vienna |
| 2005-2015 | Chairman, RISE-Foundation, Brussels |
| 2014-2015 | Chairman of the Steering Committee of the EU scientific programme for Expo Milano 2015 |
| since 2012 | President, European Forum Alpbach, Vienna |
| since 2016 | President, Board of Trustees to the Austrian Institute of Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna |
| 1978 | Ph.D., University of Vienna |
| 1979-1989 | Research Fellow, Austrian Academy of Sciences |
| 1980-1998 | Lecturer, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt and University of Vienna |
| 1986-1987 | Visiting Professor, University of Bamberg |
| 1986 | , 1989 and 1997-1998 Visiting Professor, University of California at Berkeley |
| 1988-1989 | Visiting Professor, University of Frankfurt am Main |
| 1989-1997 | Lecturer, Technical University, Vienna |
| 1990-1992 | Director, Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Science |
| 1992 | Visiting Professor, University of Zurich |
| 1992-2003 | Head, Department of Demography, Humboldt University, Berlin |
| 1995 | , 1997 Visiting Professor, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt |
| 2000-2001 | Visiting Professor, University of Vienna |
| 2001-2002 | Senior Research Fellow, Department of Mathematics of Finance, Technical University, Vienna |
| since 2003 | Senior Fellow, HWWI - Hamburg Institute of International Economics |
| since 2005 | Senior Researcher, Erste Group Bank AG |
| 2008-2010 | Member, Reflection Group Horizon 2020-2030, European Union |
| since 2009 | Senior Fellow, Migration Policy Center, Washington, D.C. |
| since 2010 | Visiting Professor, University of St. Gallen |
| Member of the Advisory Committee, Alpbach Financial Market Symposium, Vienna |
