| 1967-1970 | Clare College, Cambridge University, BA in Economics and Mathematics, awarded Exhibition Scholarship |
| 1970-1972 | Yale University, awarded Mellon Fellowship, Graduate work in Economics and Russian and East European Studies |
| 1972-1973 | Karl Marx Higher Economics Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria, awarded British Council Fellowship, Postgraduate work on Central Planning in Bulgaria |
| 1974-1985 | Economist, and then Advisor, Exchange and Trade Relations Department, IMF |
| 1985-1987 | Division Chief, African Department, IMF |
| 1988-1990 | Assistant Director, International Capital Markets Division, Exchange and Trade Relations Department, IMF |
| 1990-1993 | Senior IMF Resident Representative in Poland |
| 1993-1996 | Senior Advisor, Policy Development and Review Department, IMF |
| 1996-1998 | Senior IMF Resident Representative in Hungary |
| 1998-2003 | Senior Advisor and Deputy Director, Policy Development and Review Department, IMF |
| 2003-2008 | Director, Policy Development and Review Department, IMF |
| 2008-2009 | Working independently after retiring from International Monetary Fund |
| since 2009 | Senior IMF Resident Representative for Central and Eastern Europe |
| 1977-1996 | Creditanstalt, Vienna |
| 1980-1982 | Head, Syndication Department, Banque Européenne de Crédit, Brussels |
| 1982-1985 | Deputy Head, International Project Finance Department, Creditanstalt Vienna |
| 1985-1986 | Credit Control Division of Deutsche Bank (Asia), Hamburg, and Head of the Special Work-out Unit of Deutsche Bank Sydney, Australia |
| 1986-1987 | Associate Director, Merchant Bank subsidiary of Deutsche Bank (Asia), Hongkong, and Branch Manager of Deutsche Bank, Manila, Philippines |
| 1987-1989 | Deputy Branch Manager, Creditanstalt New York Branch, USA |
| 1989-1991 | Head, International Credit Risk and Control Department for all the international subsidiaries and branches, Creditanstalt Group |
| 1991-1992 | Managing Director, "Specialised Finance Unit", Creditanstalt London, i.e. the bank´s international work-out and restructuring operation |
| 1992-1994 | Managing Director, Creditanstalt Anlagenbau und Leasing Ges.m.b.H, Vienna, the international leasing operations of the Group |
| 1994-1996 | Director and Head, International Trade and Corporate Finance Department, Creditanstalt Group |
| since 1996 | European Investment Bank (EIB), Luxembourg |
| 1996-2000 | Director, Lending Operations Germany and Austria |
| 2000-2003 | Director, Lending Operations Accession Countries (Central and Eastern Europe) |
| 2004-2005 | Director, Lending Operations Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia) |
| since 2006 | Director, Vienna Office (covering Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia) |
| 1978 | Economics degree, Marx Károly University of Economics, Budapest |
| 1995 | Doctoral degree in economics, Budapest University of Economics |
| 1993-1995 | Managing Director, National Deposit Insurance Fund |
| 1995-2001 | Chief Executive Officer, KDB Bank |
| 2001-2002 | Deputy Secretary of State in charge for financial regulation, Ministry of Finance, Budapest |
| 2002-2003 | Chief Executive Officer, Dresdner Bank Hungaria |
| 2003-2004 | Permanent Secretary of State, Ministry of Finance, Budapest |
| 2005-2011 | Director, Financial Institutions, DG Internal Market and Services, European Commission |
| | Since 2011 Principal Advisor, DG Internal Market and Services, European Commission |
| 1975 | Master's Degree in Economics and Social Sciences, University of Vienna |
| | OeNB - Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna |
| 1981 | Ph.D., University of Vienna |
| 1981-1984 | Advisor in the Cabinet of the Minister of Finance |
| 1985-2003 | Various Leadership Positions, OeNB - Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna |
| 1998-2003 | Vice Governor, Economics and Financial Markets Department, OeNB - Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna |
| | Austria's Alternate Governor of the International Monetary Fund |
| | Member of the Economic and Finance Committee |
| 2003-2011 | Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main |
| | Studium der Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien |
| 1977-1983 | Industriepraxis im familieneigenen Unternehmen |
| 1983-1986 | Wirtschaftspolitischer Referent im Österreichischen Wirtschaftsbund |
| seit 1987 | in der Investkredit Bank AG, zunächst Kundenbetreuer im Kreditbereich |
| 1990-1995 | Mitglied des Vorstandes der Kommunalkredit Austria AG |
| 1995-2002 | Mitglied des Vorstandes, Investkredit Bank AG |
| 2002-2009 | Generaldirektor und Vorsitzender des Vorstandes, Investkredit Bank AG |
| 2006-2009 | Mitglied des Vorstands der Volksbanken AG |
| since 2008 | Honorarprofessor, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien |
