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| | Degree in law, Law Faculty, University of Lisbon |
| | Diploma in European Studies, European University Institute, Florence |
| | Master's degree in Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Geneva, and Diploma of the Geneva Institute for European Studies |
| | Further graduate work at Columbia University (New York), Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.), and the International University Institute (Luxembourg) |
| | |
| | Teaching assistant, Law Faculty, University of Lisbon, and Department of Political Science, University of Geneva |
| 1975-1976 | President, Association of the Law Faculty, University of Lisbon |
| 1979 | Founder, University Association for European Studies |
| since 1991 | Member, Portuguese Section, European Movement |
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| since 1980 | Member, Social Democratic Party |
| since 1985 | Member of Parliament (re-elected six times consecutively), Republic of Portugal, Lisbon |
| 1987-1992 | State Secretary for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Republic of Portugal |
| 1992-1995 | Minister for Foreign Affairs, Republic of Portugal |
| 1995-1996 | Chairman, Foreign Affairs Committee of the Portuguese Parliament, Lisbon |
| | |
| 1996-1998 | Visiting Professor, Department of Government and School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. |
| 1995-1999 | Head of the International Relations Department, Lusiada University, Lisbon |
| | |
| 1999 | elected President of the Social Democratic Party; re-elected three times |
| 1999-2002 | Vice-President, European People's Party |
| 2001-2005 | Vice-President, Center Democrats International |
| 2002-2004 | Prime Minister of the Republic of Portugal, Lisbon |
| since 2004 | President, European Commission, Brussels |
| 1973-1979 | Research Assistant, Institute for Agricultural Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1978 | Doctorate, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna |
| 1979-1984 | Executive Assistant, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1985-1989 | Director, Provincial Chamber of Agriculture of Tyrol, Innsbruck |
| 1989-1994 | Austrian Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Vienna |
| 1995-2004 | European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries, Brussels |
| 2005-2011 | Chairman, Ecosocial Forum Europe, Vienna |
| 2005-2015 | Chairman, RISE-Foundation, Brussels |
| 2014-2015 | Chairman of the Steering Committee of the EU scientific programme for Expo Milano 2015 |
| since 2012 | President, European Forum Alpbach, Vienna |
| since 2016 | President, Board of Trustees to the Austrian Institute of Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna |
